What is Anosmia (Loss of Smell)? Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment 

The sense of smell is essential in how we perceive the world. It’s closely tied to taste, memories, and emotions. However, for some people, it can become reduced or even completely absent due to the disorder called anosmia. Possibly, one may see anosmia as a small hassle, but it can turn normal experiences into a challenge. In this blog, we will learn more about anosmia, its possible causes, anosmia symptoms, diagnosis, and possible treatments. 

What is Anosmia? 

Anosmia means a total loss of the sense of smell. In its severe form, it can last for weeks or be a lifelong condition if there are ongoing structural problems. Many people who develop anosmia become aware of it only if the sense of taste is affected as well since the two organs are linked. 

Anosmia may be temporary due to a cold or allergies; however, it is permanent for some time and is a sign of other problems that should be treated. Patients with long-term anosmia may have some problems adjusting to everyday life, for example, in the enjoyment of food, perceiving threats, such as smoke or a gas leak, or experiencing emotions for themselves and others. 

What are the Causes of Anosmia? 

There are many potential loss of smell causes, ranging from common infections to more severe conditions. 

1. Nasal congestion and Infection 

• Other ailments such as cold, flu or sinus-related ailments tend to hinder free airflow to the olfactory nerves. 
• The anosmia causes can also be allergies provoking inflammation in nasal passages. 

2. Nasal Blockages 

• Some diseases that may affect smell include; Nasal polyps (small growths in the nasal cavity) or tumours that may also block smell pathways. 
• Other anosmia symptoms associated with loss of smell include deviated septum. 

3. Neurological anosmia causes

• Some diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, also cause anosmia. 
• Damage to the olfactory nerve might occur when there is a head injury thus leaving one permanently unable to smell anything. 

4. Infections or Trauma 

• COVID-19 and other severe respiratory infections cause temporary or permanent loss of smell known as anosmia. 
• Damage to the head or brain may affect the olfactory system in one way or the other. 

5. Aging 

Age-related anosmia is common as the olfactory nerve’s function declines over time. 

What are the Symptoms of Anosmia?  

The primary anosmia symptom is the inability to detect smells. However, depending on the underlying cause, additional symptoms may occur: 

• Change in taste or loss of taste as the smell is very closely linked to the tasting process. 
• Some of the symptoms include a bitter taste and difficulty in identifying food flavors. 
• Decreased or increased appetite, which results in a change in body weight. 
• In cases of infection: nasal congestion, running nose or sinus congestion. 
• Somatic manifestations come as a result of the loss of the quality of life, for example, depression or anxiety disorder. 

It is sudden in some cases, perhaps due to infections such as COVID-19 or it may be gradual in other situations. 

How is Anosmia Diagnosed? 

If you’re experiencing prolonged loss of smell, it’s essential to consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis. Here’s how anosmia treatment is diagnosed: 

1. Medical History Review 

   – The doctor will ask about recent illnesses, injuries, or environmental exposures. 

2. Physical Examination 

   – A thorough examination of the nasal passages for blockages or abnormalities. 

3. Smell Tests 

   – Specialized tests may involve smelling and identifying specific odors. 

4. Imaging Tests 

   – CT or MRI scans might be recommended to detect structural issues or abnormalities in the brain and nasal cavity. 

5. Neurological Tests 

   – If a neurological condition is suspected, further assessments will be conducted. 

How is Anosmia Treated? 

The treatment for anosmia depends on its underlying cause. Here’s an overview of common anosmia treatment: 

1. Medications 

• For allergy-related anosmia allergy medication such as decongestants or antihistamines. 
• Topical corticosteroids administered intranasally help to reduce inflammation as a result of nasal polyps or sinusitis. 

2. Surgical Intervention 

• Surgical treatment – excision of nasal polyps or tumors.
• Now, there are procedures performed to correct a deviated septum to open it up and facilitate air passing through it. 

3. Smell Training Therapy 

• This can be achieved by frequently inhaling air containing unusual and powerful scents such as coffee, citrus or some EO’s to ‘reboot’ the olfactory neural networks. 
• Research indicates that it can be helpful and might be most beneficial to post-viral anosmia. 

4. Biological Diseases and Treatments 

• Investigations and medications for neurological or hormonal disorders may help regain the stench of smell. 

For individuals with permanent anosmia, support groups and counselling can help them adapt and manage the condition effectively. 

When to See a Doctor 

While temporary anosmia caused by a cold or allergy may resolve on its own, persistent loss of smell should not be ignored. Early diagnosis can help address underlying anosmia causes and improve outcomes. 

Contact an Expert Like Dr Simple Bhadania 

If you’re dealing with persistent anosmia, consult an ENT specialist in Ahmedabad. Dr Simple Bhadania, with expertise in diagnosing and treating anosmia, can guide you toward the best course of action. Don’t let anosmia affect your quality of life—take the first step toward recovery today. 

Conclusion 

Temporary loss of smell or anosmia is anything from an irritation to a major interference with normal living. In essence, temporary loss of smell due to infections or allergies is very standard, but when the condition persists it’s a clear sign that there might be an underlying problem that needs attention. Anosmia ranges from mere symptoms like nasal congestion to severe neurological conditions. Hence identifying the causes of anosmia is vital in its management.  If you or your close one have any of the anosmia symptoms do not wait and consult a doctor. Considering the improvements made in diagnosing and treating the disease, most people can regain their sense of smell and have an improved quality of life.